1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)

　　八卦 trigram

　　阴、阳 yin, yang

　　道 Dao(cf. logo)

　　江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)

　　e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)

　　道 Daoism(Taoism)

　　上火 excessive internal heat

　　儒学 Confucianism

　　红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology

　　世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

　　开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)

　　大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done

　　伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded

　　不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …

　　合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

　　乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

　　铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post

　　脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty

　　治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

　　2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)

　　国庆节 National Day

　　中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

　　春节 Spring Festival

　　元宵节 Lantern Festival

　　儿童节 Children’s Day

　　端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

　　妇女节 Women’s Day

　　泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

　　教师节 Teachers’ Day

　　五四青年节 Youth Day

　　3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

　　馄饨 wonton

　　锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)

　　花卷 steamed twisted rolls

　　套餐 set meal

　　盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away

　　米豆腐 rice tofu

　　魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

　　米粉 rice noodles

　　冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

　　火锅 chafing dish

　　八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

　　粉丝 glass noodles

　　豆腐脑 jellied bean curd

　　4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)

　　中国 电信 China Telecom

　　中国 移动 China Mobile

　　十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

　　中国电脑联网 Chinanet

　　三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

　　希望工程 Project Hope

　　京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

　　扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

　　菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

　　温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

　　安居工程 Economy Housing Project

　　扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

　　西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

　　5 、特有的一些汉语词汇

　　禅宗 Zen Buddhism

　　禅 dhyana; dhgaya

　　混沌 chaos

　　道 Daosim, the way and its power

　　四谛 Four Noble Truth

　　八正道 Eightfold Path

　　无常 anity

　　五行说 Theory of Five Elements

　　无我 anatman

　　坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation

　　空 sunyata

　　虚无 nothingness

　　双喜 double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英)

　　小品 witty skits

　　相声 cross-talk

　　噱头；掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

　　夜猫子 night people; night-owls

　　本命年 this animal year of sb.

　　处世之道 philosophy of life

　　姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

　　还愿 redeem a wish (vows)

　　6 、具有文化特色的现代表述

　　大陆中国 Mainland China

　　红宝书 little red book

　　红色中国 socialist China

　　四化 Four Modernizations

　　终生职业 job-for-life

　　铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

　　大锅饭 communal pot

　　关系户 closely-related units

　　外出打工人员 migrant workers

　　关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

　　五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

　　四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)： the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

　　7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)

　　宣纸 rice paper

　　衙门 yamen

　　叩头 kowtow

　　孔子Confucius

　　牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

　　武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

　　功夫 kungfu ；kung fu

　　中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)

　　中和 harmony (zhonghe)

　　孝顺 to show filial obedience

　　孝子 dutiful son

　　家长 family head

　　三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

　　五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

　　八股文 eight-legged essays

　　多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

　　养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

　　8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

　　基层监督 grass-roots supervision

　　基础税率 base tariff level

　　婚介所 matrimonial agency

　　婚外恋 extramarital love

　　婚纱摄影 bride photo

　　黑心棉 shoddy cotton

　　机器阅卷 machine scoring

　　即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

　　集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

　　价格听证会 public price hearings

　　甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team

　　家政服务 household management service

　　加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

　　假帐 accounting fraud

　　叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel

　　矫情 use lame arguments

　　渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence

　　借调 temporarily transfer

　　扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.

　　扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption